Battle of Marathon: What Happened
In September 490 BC, a Persian army sent by King Darius I landed on the plain of Marathon, about 40 kilometers northeast of Athens, to punish the city for supporting the Ionian Revolt. Around 10,000 Athenians and 1,000 allies from Plataea faced a much larger force. The Spartans, asked for help, arrived too late. Under the Athenian general Miltiades, the Greeks thinned the center of their line and strengthened the wings, then charged at a run. When the Persian center pushed forward, the Greek wings closed in from both sides and drove the invaders back to their ships. According to Herodotus, about 6,400 Persians died against only 192 Athenians, who were buried in a mound that still stands at Marathon today. The victory showed that Persia could be beaten and gave Athens the confidence that shaped its golden age. It also inspired the legend of a messenger running to Athens with news of the win, the story behind the modern marathon race first run at the 1896 Olympics.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who won the Battle of Marathon?
The Athenians won, with help from about 1,000 soldiers from Plataea. They defeated the invading Persian army of King Darius I on the plain of Marathon in 490 BC, despite being heavily outnumbered.
Why was the Battle of Marathon important?
It was the first major Greek victory over the Persian Empire on land and proved the Persians could be beaten. The win gave Athens the confidence and prestige that fueled its golden age.
How many soldiers died at Marathon?
According to the historian Herodotus, about 6,400 Persians were killed, while the Athenians lost only 192 men. The Athenian dead were buried in a mound, the Soros, which can still be visited today.
Is the marathon race named after the battle?
Yes. Legend says a messenger ran about 40 kilometers from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory. The story inspired the marathon race, first run at the 1896 Athens Olympics and won by Spyridon Louis.
Can you visit the Marathon battlefield?
Yes. Marathon is about 40 kilometers northeast of Athens. Visitors can see the Soros burial mound, the Marathon Archaeological Museum and the starting point of the Athens Marathon, held every November.
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