Battle of Thermopylae: What Happened
In August 480 BC, a small Greek force led by King Leonidas of Sparta tried to stop the invading army of the Persian king Xerxes at Thermopylae, a narrow pass between the mountains and the sea in central Greece. The Greeks numbered around 7,000, including Leonidas's famous 300 Spartans, while the Persian army was vastly larger. For two days, the Greeks held the narrow ground, where Persian numbers counted for little, and threw back repeated attacks, including assaults by Xerxes' elite Immortals. Then a local man named Ephialtes showed the Persians a mountain path that led around the Greek position. Realizing they would be surrounded, Leonidas sent most of the army away but stayed behind with his 300 Spartans, along with around 700 Thespians and a contingent of Thebans. They fought to the end, and Leonidas was killed. Thermopylae was a Persian victory, but the last stand became one of history's most famous examples of courage and sacrifice. It bought time for the Greek fleet and inspired resistance across Greece.
Frequently Asked Questions
What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae?
In 480 BC, a small Greek force led by King Leonidas of Sparta held the narrow pass of Thermopylae against the huge Persian army of Xerxes for two days, before being outflanked and defeated.
Were there really only 300 Spartans at Thermopylae?
There were 300 Spartans, but the whole Greek force numbered around 7,000 at first. On the final day, the 300 Spartans stayed with around 700 Thespians and a group of Thebans.
Who betrayed the Greeks at Thermopylae?
According to Herodotus, a local man named Ephialtes showed the Persians a mountain path that led around the Greek position, allowing them to surround the defenders.
Why is Thermopylae famous if the Greeks lost?
The last stand became a legendary symbol of courage and sacrifice. It delayed the Persian advance, gave the Greek fleet time, and inspired resistance across Greece.
Can you visit Thermopylae today?
Yes. Thermopylae is near Lamia in central Greece, along the main highway between Athens and Thessaloniki. There is a monument to Leonidas, a memorial to the Thespians and a visitor center.
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