Byzantine Silk Smuggling: What Happened
Around 552 AD, according to the historian Procopius, two monks arrived in Constantinople with a remarkable offer for the emperor Justinian I. For centuries, silk had been one of the most valuable goods in the Roman world, but the secret of how it was made was closely guarded by China, and the trade passed through Persia, the empire's great rival, which profited heavily as a middleman. The monks had lived in a region east of Persia where silk was produced, and they explained that it was made by worms. Justinian sent them back, and they returned, supposedly smuggling silkworm eggs hidden inside hollow canes or walking sticks. From these, the Byzantines began raising silkworms and producing silk themselves, with mulberry trees planted to feed them. Silk production became a closely controlled imperial industry, especially in Constantinople and later in Greece, where regions such as the Peloponnese and Thebes became famous centers of silk production. Byzantine silks were used as diplomatic gifts and symbols of imperial power, and they became one of the empire's most prized products.
Frequently Asked Questions
How did the Byzantines get silkworms?
According to the historian Procopius, around 552 AD two monks smuggled silkworm eggs into Constantinople for the emperor Justinian I, reportedly hidden inside hollow canes.
Why was silk so valuable?
Silk was one of the most prized luxury goods of the ancient world. China guarded the secret of its production, and the trade passed through Persia, the empire's great rival.
Where did the Byzantines produce silk?
Silk production became a controlled imperial industry in Constantinople and later in Greece, where regions such as the Peloponnese and Thebes became famous centers.
How was Byzantine silk used?
Byzantine silks were used for imperial robes and church vestments and were sent as diplomatic gifts to foreign rulers as symbols of imperial power.
Is Greece still known for silk?
Yes. The town of Soufli in Thrace has a long silk tradition and is home to a Silk Museum that tells the story of silk production in Greece.
