Assassination of Philip II: What Happened
In 336 BC, King Philip II of Macedon was assassinated at Aegae, the old royal capital near modern Vergina, during the celebrations for his daughter Cleopatra's wedding. As Philip entered the theatre, walking without his bodyguards to show his confidence in his people, he was stabbed by Pausanias of Orestis, one of his own bodyguards. Pausanias tried to escape but was caught and killed. According to Aristotle and later writers, Pausanias had a personal grievance against the king for failing to punish a humiliating assault against him. Suspicion has also fallen on others, including Philip's estranged wife Olympias, their son Alexander, and even the Persian king, but nothing has ever been proven. Philip's death came at a crucial moment, just as he was preparing to invade the Persian Empire. His 20-year-old son Alexander was quickly acclaimed king by the army and moved swiftly to eliminate rivals and secure Greece. Royal tombs discovered at Vergina in 1977 are widely believed to include Philip's burial, and they are among the most important archaeological finds in Greece.
Frequently Asked Questions
How did Philip II die?
Philip II was stabbed to death in 336 BC by Pausanias of Orestis, one of his own bodyguards, as he entered the theatre at Aegae during his daughter's wedding celebrations.
Why was Philip II assassinated?
According to Aristotle and later writers, Pausanias had a personal grievance because Philip failed to punish a humiliating assault against him. Other motives and plotters have been suggested.
Did Alexander the Great kill his father?
There is no proof. Suspicion has fallen on Alexander, his mother Olympias and even the Persian king, but none of these theories has ever been proven.
Where was Philip II buried?
Philip was buried at Aegae, near modern Vergina. Royal tombs discovered there in 1977 are widely believed to include his burial, although this is still debated by some scholars.
Can you visit the royal tombs at Vergina?
Yes. The Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai at Vergina, near Veria in northern Greece, displays the tombs and their treasures in a remarkable underground setting.
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