Axis Occupation of Greece: What Happened
From April 1941 to October 1944, Greece was occupied by the Axis powers, Germany, Italy and Bulgaria, and divided into three occupation zones. Germany controlled the most strategic areas, including Athens, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Crete and several islands. Italy took most of the mainland and many islands, and Bulgaria occupied eastern Macedonia and Thrace, where it pursued a harsh policy aimed at changing the region's population. A collaborationist Greek government was set up in Athens, but real power lay with the occupiers. The occupation was one of the harshest in Europe. The occupiers seized food, raw materials and resources, and the economy collapsed, leading to a terrible famine in the winter of 1941 to 1942. Hyperinflation made the drachma almost worthless. Resistance movements grew, and the occupiers responded with brutal reprisals, executing hostages and destroying villages. Most of Greece's Jewish population was deported to death camps. After Italy surrendered in 1943, Germany took over the Italian zone. By the time the Germans withdrew in October 1944, the country was devastated, with hundreds of thousands dead.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was Greece occupied in World War II?
Greece was occupied by the Axis powers from April 1941 until October 1944, when German forces withdrew from the mainland.
Who occupied Greece in World War II?
Greece was divided into three zones: Germany held the most strategic areas, Italy most of the mainland and islands, and Bulgaria eastern Macedonia and Thrace.
What was life like under the occupation?
The occupation was one of the harshest in Europe, with famine, hyperinflation, seizures of food and resources, and brutal reprisals against civilians.
What happened to Greek Jews during the occupation?
Most of Greece's Jewish population was deported to Nazi death camps, including the great majority of the Jews of Thessaloniki.
What happened when Italy surrendered?
After Italy surrendered in September 1943, Germany took over the Italian zone, in some places massacring Italian troops who resisted.
