Battle of Elaia–Kalamas: What Happened
From 2 to 8 November 1940, Greek forces stopped the main Italian advance in Epirus at a defensive line along the Kalamas River and the Elaia area, near the Greek-Albanian border. When Italy invaded on 28 October, its main thrust was toward Ioannina, the capital of Epirus. The Greek 8th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General Charalambos Katsimitros, was defending the region. Rather than follow the original plan of withdrawing further back, Katsimitros decided to hold his ground along a strong line of hills near Elaia and the Kalamas River. The Italian forces, including the Centauro armored division, launched repeated attacks with tanks, aircraft and artillery, but the Greek defenders held firm. The rugged terrain and heavy rain made it difficult for the Italian tanks to operate. After several days of intense fighting, the Italian attacks stalled, and they began to withdraw. The battle, fought at the same time as the Greek victory at Pindus, ended the Italian hopes of a quick victory and allowed the Greek army to prepare its counteroffensive into Albania.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas?
The Battle of Elaia–Kalamas, from 2 to 8 November 1940, was a Greek defensive victory that stopped the main Italian advance in Epirus.
Who commanded the Greeks at Elaia–Kalamas?
The Greek 8th Infantry Division was commanded by Major General Charalambos Katsimitros, who chose to hold a strong line instead of withdrawing.
What was the Italian target at Elaia–Kalamas?
The Italian main thrust aimed to capture Ioannina, the capital of Epirus, using tanks, aircraft and artillery.
Why did the Italian tanks struggle?
The rugged terrain and heavy rain made it difficult for Italian tanks, including the Centauro armored division, to operate effectively.
Why was Elaia–Kalamas important?
Together with Pindus, the battle ended Italian hopes of a quick victory and allowed the Greek army to prepare its counteroffensive.
