Battle of Leros: What Happened
From 12 to 16 November 1943, German forces captured the island of Leros in the Dodecanese from British and Italian forces, in the main battle of the Dodecanese Campaign. After Italy surrendered in September 1943, British forces occupied several Italian-held islands in the Dodecanese, including Kos, Leros and Samos, hoping to use them as bases and to encourage Turkey to join the war on the Allied side. The Germans reacted quickly and took Kos in early October. Leros, which had a major Italian naval base, was defended by British troops and the Italian garrison. The Germans heavily bombed the island for weeks and then launched a combined attack from the sea and the air, landing troops and paratroopers. The fighting was intense, and the British forces lacked air cover, as the Germans had air superiority in the region. After five days, the British surrendered, and thousands of British and Italian soldiers were taken prisoner. The defeat was a serious setback for the Allies in the Aegean. The Dodecanese stayed under German control until 1945 and joined Greece in 1947.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the Battle of Leros?
The Battle of Leros, from 12 to 16 November 1943, was the main battle of the Dodecanese Campaign, in which German forces captured the island from British and Italian defenders.
Why did the British occupy Leros?
After Italy surrendered in 1943, British forces occupied several Dodecanese islands, hoping to use them as bases and encourage Turkey to join the Allies.
Why did the British lose on Leros?
The British lacked air cover, and the Germans had air superiority. After weeks of bombing, the Germans landed troops and paratroopers.
What happened after the Battle of Leros?
Thousands of British and Italian soldiers were taken prisoner, and the Dodecanese remained under German control until 1945.
Can you visit wartime sites on Leros?
Yes. Leros has a War Museum in a tunnel at Merikia and British and German war cemeteries commemorating the battle.
