Black Death in Constantinople: What Happened
In 1347, the Black Death reached Constantinople, most likely carried on ships from the Genoese trading colony of Caffa in Crimea, where the disease had broken out. From Constantinople, a major hub of Mediterranean trade, the plague spread quickly along sea routes to the Aegean islands, the Middle East, Italy and then across Europe. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread by fleas and possibly person to person. The former emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, whose youngest son Andronikos died in the epidemic, left a detailed description of the disease and its symptoms, including swellings, fever and the terrifying speed of death. The plague struck an empire already weakened by civil war and economic decline. It killed a large part of the population of Constantinople and other Byzantine cities, although precise figures are unknown. The disease returned in waves for years afterward. The loss of people made it even harder for the empire to defend itself, farm its lands and resist the advancing Ottoman Turks, who were then beginning to expand into Europe.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did the Black Death reach Constantinople?
The Black Death reached Constantinople in 1347, most likely carried on ships from the Genoese trading colony of Caffa in Crimea.
How did the Black Death spread from Constantinople?
Constantinople was a major trading hub, and from there the plague spread along sea routes to the Aegean, the Middle East, Italy and across Europe.
What caused the Black Death?
The Black Death was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread mainly by fleas on rats and possibly directly between people.
Who described the Black Death in Constantinople?
The former emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, whose son Andronikos died of the plague, left a detailed description of its symptoms and speed.
How did the Black Death affect Byzantium?
The plague killed a large part of the population of an empire already weakened by civil war, making it harder to defend itself against the advancing Ottomans.
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