End of Venetian Rule in the Ionian Islands: What Happened
In the summer of 1797, after nearly four centuries on Corfu and even longer on some other islands, Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands came to an end. In May of that year, the Republic of Venice collapsed under pressure from Napoleon Bonaparte's armies in Italy, ending more than a thousand years of independence. French troops sailed to the Ionian Islands and occupied them in June 1797. At first, many islanders welcomed the French, who promised liberty and equality. In Corfu, the Venetian Golden Book, the register of noble families, was burned in public along with symbols of the old order, and a liberty tree was planted. The Treaty of Campo Formio in October confirmed French control. Venetian rule left a deep and lasting mark. The islands' architecture, music, cuisine and dialects all showed strong Italian influence, and many islanders spoke Italian, which remained the official language for decades. Because the Ionian Islands had avoided Ottoman rule, they developed a distinct culture that played an important role in modern Greek literature, music and politics.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands end?
Venetian rule ended in June 1797, when French troops occupied the islands after the Republic of Venice collapsed under pressure from Napoleon.
How long did Venice rule the Ionian Islands?
Venice ruled Corfu for over four centuries and some other islands, such as Zakynthos and Kefalonia, for nearly as long.
What was the Golden Book?
The Golden Book was the register of the islands' noble families under Venetian rule. When the French arrived, it was publicly burned in Corfu as a symbol of the end of aristocratic privilege.
What language was spoken in the Ionian Islands?
Many islanders spoke Italian, which remained an official language for decades after Venetian rule ended. Greek was spoken by most of the population.
How did Venice shape Ionian culture?
Because the islands avoided Ottoman rule, they developed a distinct culture with strong Italian influence in architecture, music, cuisine and dialects.
