Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917: What Happened
On 18 August 1917, a fire broke out in a house in the old center of Thessaloniki and quickly spread across the city. Strong winds, dry summer conditions, narrow streets and wooden buildings allowed the flames to spread rapidly, and the city's water supply was inadequate, partly because much of it was being used by the large Allied armies stationed there during World War I. The fire burned for about 32 hours and destroyed around a third of the city, including much of its historic center, the main commercial district, churches, mosques and synagogues. About 70,000 people were left homeless, among them a large part of the city's Jewish community, which lost many of its homes, schools and synagogues. After the fire, the Greek government decided to rebuild the center according to a modern plan. The French architect and urban planner Ernest Hébrard designed a new city with wide avenues, open squares and a grand civic axis, including Aristotelous Square, which remains the heart of Thessaloniki. The fire changed the face of the city forever.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the Great Thessaloniki Fire?
The Great Thessaloniki Fire broke out on 18 August 1917 and destroyed around a third of the city, including much of its historic center.
How did the Thessaloniki fire spread so fast?
Strong winds, dry summer weather, narrow streets and wooden buildings allowed the fire to spread rapidly, and the water supply was inadequate.
How many people lost their homes?
About 70,000 people were left homeless, including a large part of the city's Jewish community, which lost many homes, schools and synagogues.
Who redesigned Thessaloniki after the fire?
The French architect and planner Ernest Hébrard designed a new city center with wide avenues, open squares and a grand civic axis.
What is Aristotelous Square?
Aristotelous Square, part of Hébrard's post-fire plan, is the main square of Thessaloniki, opening onto the waterfront.
