Italian Spring Offensive: What Happened
In March 1941, Italy launched a major offensive in Albania to break through the Greek lines and win a victory before a German intervention in Greece. After the Greek counteroffensive of late 1940 pushed the Italians deep into Albania, the front had stabilized in the mountains. Benito Mussolini, humiliated by the defeats, sent large reinforcements and came to Albania personally to watch the offensive. The attack, commanded by General Ugo Cavallero, began on 9 March 1941, focusing on a narrow section of the front in central Albania, especially around the heights of Trebeshinë. The Italians used strong artillery and air support and repeatedly attacked the Greek positions, especially Hill 731, which became a symbol of Greek resistance. The Greek defenders held their positions despite heavy losses. After about a week of intense fighting, the offensive was called off, having failed to achieve any significant gains. The failure was a further humiliation for Mussolini. Weeks later, on 6 April 1941, Germany invaded Greece, forcing the Greek army to fight on two fronts.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the Italian Spring Offensive?
The Italian Spring Offensive was a major Italian attack launched in Albania on 9 March 1941 to break through the Greek lines. It failed.
Did Mussolini watch the Spring Offensive?
Yes. Mussolini came to Albania personally to watch the offensive, hoping for a victory to restore Italian prestige.
What was Hill 731?
Hill 731 was a Greek position that withstood repeated Italian attacks during the Spring Offensive and became a symbol of Greek resistance.
Who commanded the Italian Spring Offensive?
The offensive was commanded by General Ugo Cavallero, the Italian chief of staff, who had taken over command of the Albanian front after earlier defeats.
What happened after the Spring Offensive?
The offensive was called off after about a week. Weeks later, on 6 April 1941, Germany invaded Greece.
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