Liberation of Athens: What Happened
On 12 October 1944, German forces withdrew from Athens after three and a half years of occupation. As the Soviet army advanced through the Balkans and the Allies advanced in Western Europe, Germany began evacuating its troops from Greece to avoid being cut off. Before leaving, German troops lowered the swastika flag from the Acropolis. Celebrations erupted across the city as crowds filled the streets, waving Greek and Allied flags. British forces landed in the following days, and on 18 October, the Greek government in exile, led by Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou, returned to Athens as a government of national unity, which included ministers from EAM. The German withdrawal from the rest of Greece continued through October and November, although German forces held on to Crete, Rhodes and some other islands until the end of the war in May 1945. The liberation brought joy, but the country was devastated by famine, destruction and deep political divisions. Tensions between EAM and the government, supported by Britain, soon led to conflict in December 1944.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was Athens liberated?
Athens was liberated on 12 October 1944, when German forces withdrew after three and a half years of occupation.
Why did the Germans leave Greece in 1944?
As the Soviet army advanced through the Balkans, Germany evacuated its troops from Greece to avoid being cut off.
When did the Greek government return?
The government in exile, led by Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou, returned to Athens on 18 October 1944 as a government of national unity.
Which parts of Greece stayed occupied after 1944?
German forces held on to Crete, Rhodes and some other islands until the end of the war in May 1945.
What happened after the liberation of Athens?
Tensions between EAM and the British-backed government soon led to armed conflict in Athens in December 1944, known as the Dekemvriana.
