National Schism: What Happened
From 1915 to 1917, Greece was split by a deep political conflict known as the National Schism, between King Constantine I and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over whether Greece should enter World War I. Venizelos believed Greece should join the Allies, Britain, France and Russia, expecting that an Allied victory would allow Greece to gain territory in Asia Minor and fulfill the Megali Idea. King Constantine, who had studied in Germany and was married to the German Kaiser's sister, favored neutrality, arguing that Greece was not ready for another war and that Germany might win. Their dispute grew into a constitutional crisis over who had the right to decide the country's foreign policy. The king twice forced Venizelos to resign in 1915. In 1916, Venizelos set up a rival government in Thessaloniki, splitting the country into two states. In 1917, under Allied pressure, Constantine left the country, and Venizelos returned to lead a united Greece into the war. The Schism divided Greek society into Venizelists and royalists and shaped Greek politics for decades.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the National Schism?
The National Schism was a deep political conflict in Greece from 1915 to 1917 between King Constantine I and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over World War I.
Why did Venizelos and King Constantine disagree?
Venizelos wanted Greece to join the Allies to gain territory, while Constantine favored neutrality, fearing Greece was unprepared and that Germany might win.
Was Greece divided into two states?
Yes. In 1916, Venizelos set up a rival government in Thessaloniki, while the royal government remained in Athens, effectively splitting Greece in two.
How did the National Schism end?
In 1917, under Allied pressure, King Constantine left Greece, and Venizelos returned to Athens to lead a united country into the war.
How did the National Schism affect Greece?
The Schism divided Greek society into Venizelists and royalists and shaped Greek politics for decades, contributing to later coups and instability.
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