Proclamation of the Second Hellenic Republic: What Happened
On 25 March 1924, Greek Independence Day, the parliament of Greece voted to abolish the monarchy and proclaim the country a republic. It became known as the Second Hellenic Republic, the first being the revolutionary state before the monarchy was established in 1832. The monarchy had been badly discredited by the National Schism, the Asia Minor Catastrophe and the return of King Constantine I, who abdicated in 1922. His son, King George II, was asked by the military government to leave Greece in December 1923 after a failed royalist coup attempt. The proclamation was supported by Venizelist and republican politicians, including Alexandros Papanastasiou, who became prime minister. In April 1924, a referendum confirmed the republic, with around 70 percent of the vote. Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, the hero of the Balkan Wars, became the first president. The republic lasted until 1935, but it was unstable, experiencing several military coups and frequent changes of government. It also saw important achievements, such as the settlement of refugees and major public works projects.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Greece become a republic in 1924?
The Greek parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and proclaim a republic on 25 March 1924, Greek Independence Day.
Why was the monarchy abolished in 1924?
The monarchy had been discredited by the National Schism and the Asia Minor Catastrophe, and King George II had been asked to leave in 1923.
Was the Second Hellenic Republic confirmed by referendum?
Yes. A referendum in April 1924 confirmed the republic, with around 70 percent of the vote.
Who was the first president of the Second Hellenic Republic?
Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, the naval hero of the Balkan Wars, became the first president of the Second Hellenic Republic and served, with an interruption, until 1929.
How long did the Second Hellenic Republic last?
The republic lasted until 1935. It was unstable, with several military coups, but it also settled refugees and carried out major public works.
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