Zeno Founds Stoicism: What Happened
Around 300 BC, Zeno of Citium, a philosopher from Cyprus, began teaching in Athens at the Stoa Poikile, the Painted Porch, a public colonnade on the north side of the Agora. Because of this location, his followers became known as Stoics. According to tradition, Zeno came to Athens as a merchant, was shipwrecked, and discovered philosophy after reading about Socrates in a bookshop. Stoicism taught that the universe is governed by reason and that the goal of life is to live in agreement with nature. Stoics believed that virtue, meaning wisdom, justice, courage and self-control, is the only true good, and that people should accept what lies beyond their control calmly, focusing only on their own choices and reactions. They also taught that all humans share in a common reason, an early idea of universal citizenship. Stoicism became one of the most influential philosophies of the ancient world. It was later embraced by famous Romans such as Seneca, the former slave Epictetus and the emperor Marcus Aurelius, and it remains popular today as a practical guide to living.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded Stoicism?
Stoicism was founded by Zeno of Citium, a philosopher from Cyprus, who began teaching in Athens around 300 BC.
Why is it called Stoicism?
Zeno taught at the Stoa Poikile, the Painted Porch, a colonnade in the Agora of Athens. His followers became known as Stoics after this building.
What did the Stoics believe?
Stoics taught that the universe is governed by reason and that virtue is the only true good. They urged people to accept calmly what they cannot control and focus on their own choices.
Who were famous Stoics?
Famous Stoics included Zeno, Cleanthes and Chrysippus in Greece, and later the Romans Seneca, the former slave Epictetus and the emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Is Stoicism still popular today?
Yes. Stoicism has enjoyed a major revival as a practical philosophy for managing stress and living well, and books by Marcus Aurelius and Seneca remain widely read.
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