Modern Greece: Democracy, Europe and Crisis
Since the return of democracy in 1974, Greece has joined Europe, adopted the euro, hosted the Olympics and weathered a historic debt crisis. Explore the events that shaped Greece today.
Key Events of Modern Greece
The Story of Modern Greece
Modern Greece began with the restoration of democracy in July 1974, when Konstantinos Karamanlis returned from exile after the fall of the junta. In the period known as the Metapolitefsi, Greece held free elections, abolished the monarchy by referendum and adopted a new constitution in 1975. The country joined the European Economic Community in 1981, the same year Andreas Papandreou's PASOK formed the first socialist government. Over the following decades, Greece adopted the euro, hosted the Athens 2004 Olympics and became more prosperous, while relations with Turkey swung between crises and earthquake diplomacy. From 2009, Greece faced a severe debt crisis, three bailouts and harsh austerity, which reshaped its politics and led many young Greeks to emigrate. The country also stood at the front line of the European migrant crisis in 2015. Recent years have brought deadly wildfires, the Tempi train disaster and floods, but also economic recovery, the Prespa Agreement and the legalization of same-sex marriage.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did democracy return to Greece?
Democracy returned in July 1974, when Konstantinos Karamanlis came back from exile after the fall of the junta. Free elections were held in November 1974.
When did Greece join the European Union?
Greece joined the European Economic Community, the forerunner of the European Union, on 1 January 1981, and adopted the euro in 2001.
Why did modern Greece face an economic crisis?
High public debt, budget deficits that were larger than officially reported, and the global financial crisis led to a loss of confidence and the debt crisis from 2009.
Is Greece still a monarchy?
No. Greece abolished the monarchy by referendum on 8 December 1974 and is a parliamentary republic, with a president as head of state.
What are the biggest events in recent Greek history?
Recent milestones include the Athens 2004 Olympics, the debt crisis and bailouts, the 2015 migrant crisis, the Prespa Agreement and the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2024.
Explore Other Eras of Greek History
