Ottoman Greece: Nearly Four Centuries of Ottoman Rule
After the fall of Constantinople, most of the Greek world lived under Ottoman rule for nearly four centuries. Discover the conquests, uprisings and secret societies that led to revolution.
Key Events of Ottoman Greece
The Story of Ottoman Greece
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, most of the Greek world came under Ottoman rule, which lasted in many regions for nearly four centuries. The Ottomans conquered Athens, Mystras and Trebizond within a few years, and the Parthenon was converted into a mosque. The Ottoman state allowed Orthodox Christians to practice their faith and placed them under the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople, who became the leader of the Greek community. Life varied greatly by region. Many Greeks paid heavy taxes and faced discrimination, while others prospered as merchants, sailors and officials, and Greek communities flourished across the Balkans and beyond. There were repeated uprisings, such as the Orlov Revolt of 1770, and mountain communities like the Souliotes resisted fiercely. In the late 18th century, revolutionary ideas from France and the Enlightenment spread among Greeks, inspiring figures such as Rigas Feraios. In 1814, Greek merchants founded the Filiki Eteria, the secret society that would launch the Greek Revolution.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long did Ottoman rule last in Greece?
It varied by region. Much of Greece was under Ottoman rule for nearly four centuries, while some areas, such as Thessaloniki and Crete, were freed only in 1912 and 1913.
How were Greeks treated under Ottoman rule?
Greeks could practice their Orthodox faith, but as non-Muslims they paid extra taxes and faced legal restrictions. Conditions varied greatly by place and period.
What role did the Church play under the Ottomans?
The Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople was recognized as leader of the Orthodox community, and the Church helped preserve Greek language, faith and identity.
How did Greeks prepare for revolution under Ottoman rule?
The Filiki Eteria, or Society of Friends, was a secret organization founded in Odessa in 1814 by Greek merchants to prepare a revolution against Ottoman rule.
Were there Greek revolts before 1821?
Yes. Uprisings included the revolt of Dionysios the Philosopher in 1611, the Orlov Revolt of 1770 and the long resistance of the Souliotes against Ali Pasha.
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