Founding of the Ptolemaic Kingdom: What Happened
In 305 BC, Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Great's most trusted generals and boyhood friends, declared himself king of Egypt, founding a Greek dynasty that ruled the country for nearly three centuries. Ptolemy had taken control of Egypt as its governor after Alexander's death in 323 BC and cleverly strengthened his position by seizing Alexander's body as it was being taken to Macedon and burying it in Egypt. He defended Egypt against invasion by the regent Perdiccas and, as the other successors fought each other, he made it the most secure of all the Hellenistic kingdoms. The Ptolemies ruled from Alexandria, which grew into the largest city of the Greek world, home to the famous Library and Lighthouse. They presented themselves to Egyptians as pharaohs, building temples to Egyptian gods, while their court and government remained Greek. Many later Ptolemies married their own sisters, following Egyptian royal tradition. The dynasty ended with its most famous ruler, Cleopatra VII, who died in 30 BC, after which Egypt became a Roman province.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
The Ptolemaic Kingdom was founded by Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Great's generals and boyhood friends, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC.
How long did the Ptolemies rule Egypt?
The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled Egypt for nearly three centuries, from 305 BC until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, when Egypt became a Roman province.
Was Cleopatra Greek?
Yes. Cleopatra VII was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which was of Macedonian Greek origin. She was reportedly the first of her family to learn the Egyptian language.
How did Ptolemy take Alexander's body?
Ptolemy seized Alexander's body while it was being taken to Macedon and brought it to Egypt, boosting his legitimacy and prestige as Alexander's heir.
How did the Ptolemies rule Egypt?
The Ptolemies ruled from Alexandria and presented themselves to Egyptians as pharaohs, building temples to Egyptian gods, while their court and government remained Greek.
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