Siege of Syracuse: What Happened
From 213 to 212 BC, a Roman army and fleet under the general Marcus Claudius Marcellus besieged Syracuse, the great Greek city of Sicily, during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage. Syracuse had long been an ally of Rome, but after the death of its old king Hieron II, the city switched sides and joined Carthage. The Romans expected a quick victory but faced an extraordinary defense designed by the city's most famous citizen, the mathematician Archimedes. According to ancient accounts, his machines included powerful catapults and cranes known as the Claw of Archimedes, which lifted Roman ships out of the water and dropped them. Later legends claimed he used mirrors to set ships on fire, though this is doubtful. The Romans eventually broke into the city in 212 BC during a festival when the defenders were off guard. Syracuse was plundered, and its art treasures were shipped to Rome. Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier, reportedly while absorbed in a mathematical problem, despite Marcellus's orders that he be spared.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the Siege of Syracuse?
The Siege of Syracuse, from 213 to 212 BC, was a Roman siege of the Greek city of Syracuse in Sicily during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage.
Why did Rome attack Syracuse?
Syracuse had long been an ally of Rome, but after the death of its king Hieron II, the city switched sides and joined Carthage.
How did Archimedes defend Syracuse?
Archimedes designed powerful catapults and cranes known as the Claw of Archimedes, which lifted Roman ships out of the water. Stories of burning mirrors are probably legends.
How did Archimedes die?
Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier when the city fell in 212 BC, reportedly while absorbed in a mathematical problem, despite orders that he be spared.
Who led the Roman siege of Syracuse?
The Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus led the siege. After capturing the city, he shipped its art treasures to Rome.
More Events from Hellenistic Greece
